In that period sacral Islamic edifices of huge cultural and historic importance were built - the Ferhadija Mosque, as Ferhat-pasha Sokolović`s foundation, the Arnaudija Mosque, whose founder was a Bosnian treasurer Husan-efendija, and an important element of the Osman period urban architecture Sahat kula, a clock tower, which was situated in the vicinity of Ferhadija. During the 16th and the17th century Orthodox monasteries were built in broader Banja Luka`s surroundings to remind the future generations of the Serbian medieval construction art of extraordinary beauty and value. The Gomionica Monastery, which was built in the Raška school style, is situated in Zmijanje on the Manjača mountain. Traditional sources report that its patron was Obrad, the prince of Zmijanje. The Moštanica Monastery, which was founded in 1562, is situated at the Banja Luka - Prijedor - Kozara triple junction, and was built in the Morava school style. The Liplja Monastery, situated on the slopes of the Borje Mountain, near Maslovare, was built at the end of the15th, that is at the beginning of the 16th century, with the expressive elements of the Raška school style. There was not a single developmental period to have spared Banja Luka from a disaster. After the Austrian troops had marched in, the city heart in Šeher was burnt down in 1688. The devastation went on through numerous military encounters, fires and a severe plague, which ravaged the city at the end of the 18th century.

The 350-year long Turkish rule had demonstrated a reckless disregard for the Banja Luka administrative unit, which did not make a considerable contribution to its urbanization and modernization.

First Serbian schools in Banja Luka were founded at the end of the 19th century. The first telegraph was put into operation in 1866, and the first railway along the Banja Luka-Dobrljin route had been officially set into operation in 1873, only two years prior to the Bosnian and Herzegovinian uprising, due to which it was forcibly put out of operation.